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5、公稱直徑：114-630mm（ 114mm 168mm 219mm 273mm 325mm 426mm 630mm等(deng)） 基坑(keng)(keng)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)主(zhu)要(yao)有：明溝加(jia)集水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)井(jing)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、輕(qing)(qing)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)井(jing)點(dian)(dian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、噴(pen)射(she)井(jing)點(dian)(dian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、電滲井(jing)點(dian)(dian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、深井(jing)橋(qiao)式濾水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管等(deng)等(deng)。各(ge)(ge)種降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有其(qi)特點(dian)(dian)和適用(yong)(yong)情況(kuang)，比較如下(xia)(xia)： （一(yi)）明溝加(jia)集水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)井(jing)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui) 明溝加(jia)集水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)井(jing)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是一(yi)種人工排(pai)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。它具(ju)有施工方便，用(yong)(yong)具(ju)簡單，費用(yong)(yong)低(di)(di)廉的(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)(dian)，在(zai)(zai)施工現場應用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)***為普遍。在(zai)(zai)高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位地區基坑(keng)(keng)邊(bian)坡(po)支護工程中(zhong)(zhong)，這(zhe)種方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)往(wang)往(wang)作(zuo)為阻擋法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)或其(qi)他降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)輔助排(pai)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)措(cuo)施，它主(zhu)要(yao)排(pai)除地下(xia)(xia)潛水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、施工用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和天降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 在(zai)(zai)地下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)較豐(feng)富地區，若僅單獨(du)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)這(zhe)種方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，由于基坑(keng)(keng)邊(bian)坡(po)滲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)較多，錨(mao)噴(pen)網支護時(shi)(shi)使混凝(ning)土(tu)噴(pen)射(she)難度(du)(du)加(jia)大（噴(pen)不(bu)上），有時(shi)(shi)加(jia)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管也很難湊效(xiao)，并且作(zuo)業面泥濘(ning)不(bu)堪阻礙施工操作(zuo)。因此，這(zhe)種降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)不(bu)單獨(du)應用(yong)(yong)于高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位地區基坑(keng)(keng)邊(bian)坡(po)支護中(zhong)(zhong)，但在(zai)(zai)低(di)(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位地區或土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)滲透(tou)(tou)系(xi)數(shu)很小(xiao)及(ji)允(yun)許放坡(po)的(de)(de)(de)工程中(zhong)(zhong)可單獨(du)應用(yong)(yong)。 （二）輕(qing)(qing)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)井(jing)點(dian)(dian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui) 輕(qing)(qing)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)井(jing)點(dian)(dian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)（一(yi)級輕(qing)(qing)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)井(jing)點(dian)(dian)）是國內(nei)應用(yong)(yong)很廣的(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，它比其(qi)他井(jing)點(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)施工簡單、、經濟(ji)，特別適用(yong)(yong)于基坑(keng)(keng)面積(ji)不(bu)大，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位不(bu)深的(de)(de)(de)場合。 該(gai)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位深度(du)(du)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)3-6m之(zhi)間，若要(yao)求降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深度(du)(du)大于6m，理論上可以(yi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)多級井(jing)點(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)，但要(yao)求基坑(keng)(keng)四周外需要(yao)足夠的(de)(de)(de)空間，以(yi)便于放坡(po)或挖槽，這(zhe)對(dui)于場地受限的(de)(de)(de)基坑(keng)(keng)支護工程一(yi)般(ban)(ban)是不(bu)允(yun)許的(de)(de)(de)，故常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)是一(yi)級輕(qing)(qing)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)井(jing)點(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)。輕(qing)(qing)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)井(jing)點(dian)(dian)適用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)滲透(tou)(tou)系(xi)數(shu)位0.1-50m/d，當土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)滲透(tou)(tou)系(xi)數(shu)偏(pian)小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)，需要(yao)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)井(jing)點(dian)(dian)管頂部(bu)用(yong)(yong)粘(zhan)土(tu)封填和保證井(jing)點(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)各(ge)(ge)連接部(bu)位的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)密性(xing)等(deng)措(cuo)施，以(yi)提高(gao)整個井(jing)點(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)真空度(du)(du)，才能達到良好的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果。