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<瀘州> 博創輻射防護工程

鉛(qian)(qian)衣(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)保養(yang)：1、鉛(qian)(qian)衣(yi)(yi)應該放(fang)(fang)置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)常(chang)(chang)溫條件(jian)下，避(bi)免(mian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)高溫條件(jian)下儲藏；2、不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候(hou)，應該放(fang)(fang)置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)衣(yi)(yi)架上(shang)(shang)，盡量不(bu)(bu)折(zhe)(zhe)疊(die)或擠壓。長(chang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)折(zhe)(zhe)疊(die)會縮(suo)短鉛(qian)(qian)衣(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)，影響防護(hu)效(xiao)果；3、醫生在(zai)(zai)(zai)日常(chang)(chang)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鉛(qian)(qian)衣(yi)(yi)中(zhong)，應該避(bi)免(mian)與(yu)尖銳物體接觸以(yi)免(mian)劃傷從而影響其防護(hu)效(xiao)果；使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)：1、鉛(qian)(qian)衣(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)通(tong)常(chang)(chang)為3至5年；2、使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)直接受(shou)內層鉛(qian)(qian)材料(liao)影響，進(jin)口(kou)材料(liao)進(jin)入工廠(chang)到(dao)成為成品(pin)，時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)不(bu)(bu)會超(chao)過(guo)一個季度，這樣會大(da)大(da)縮(suo)短了防護(hu)材料(liao)的(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)(zai)廠(chang)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)，保證了客戶(hu)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)效(xiao)果；3、鉛(qian)(qian)衣(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)與(yu)日常(chang)(chang)養(yang)護(hu)有直接關(guan)(guan)系，放(fang)(fang)置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)衣(yi)(yi)架上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)衣(yi)(yi)比經(jing)常(chang)(chang)折(zhe)(zhe)疊(die)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)要明顯延長(chang)；4、鉛(qian)(qian)衣(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)還會與(yu)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)頻率、使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)有關(guan)(guan)。通(tong)常(chang)(chang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)高頻率使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)下，3年后應視(shi)鉛(qian)(qian)衣(yi)(yi)情況決定(ding)更換，超(chao)過(guo)5年建議進(jin)行(xing)報廢。人(ren)體的(de)(de)各部位細胞(bao)體對(dui)X射線(xian)的(de)(de)反應程度不(bu)(bu)一，其中(zhong)以(yi)性腺、甲狀(zhuang)腺為敏感。因此(ci)進(jin)行(xing)放(fang)(fang)射檢查時(shi)(shi)(shi)，一定(ding)要對(dui)非(fei)檢查部位尤其是性腺、甲狀(zhuang)腺進(jin)行(xing)屏蔽(bi)保護(hu)。

鉛衣(yi)的(de)元素主要(yao)包(bao)括三(san)個方面:時間(jian)(jian)(jian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)、距(ju)離(li)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)和屏(ping)蔽(bi)(bi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)，通常被稱為輻射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)防護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)三(san)大(da)方法(fa)。讓我們在(zai)下面分別討論(lun)它們:時間(jian)(jian)(jian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu):輻射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)場(chang)中人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)累積(ji)輻射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)劑(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)與(yu)(yu)時間(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)正比(bi)(bi)，因此在(zai)輻射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)速率不變的(de)情況下，縮短輻射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)時間(jian)(jian)(jian)可以減少受(shou)照劑(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，或(huo)(huo)者在(zai)有限時間(jian)(jian)(jian)內工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)可以使他們受(shou)照的(de)輻射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)劑(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)低(di)于允許(xu)劑(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，從(cong)而(er)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證人(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)，從(cong)而(er)達(da)(da)到(dao)防護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)目的(de)。時間(jian)(jian)(jian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)關鍵(jian)是盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)減少人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)與(yu)(yu)輻射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)接觸(chu)時間(jian)(jian)(jian)。距(ju)離(li)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu):距(ju)離(li)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)基本原理是利用(yong)距(ju)離(li)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)輻射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)。首先，當(dang)輻射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)源用(yong)作(zuo)點(dian)(dian)源時，輻射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)場(chang)中某一(yi)點(dian)(dian)的(de)輻射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)劑(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和吸(xi)收(shou)劑(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)與(yu)(yu)該點(dian)(dian)與(yu)(yu)源之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)距(ju)離(li)的(de)平方成(cheng)反比(bi)(bi)。我們稱這個規(gui)則為平方反比(bi)(bi)定(ding)律，即輻射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)強度(du)與(yu)(yu)距(ju)離(li)的(de)平方成(cheng)反比(bi)(bi)。增(zeng)加(jia)放射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)源與(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)的(de)距(ju)離(li)可以降(jiang)低(di)劑(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)率或(huo)(huo)輻射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)劑(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，從(cong)而(er)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)的(de)，達(da)(da)到(dao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)目的(de)。距(ju)離(li)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)關鍵(jian)是盡可能(neng)增(zeng)加(jia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)與(yu)(yu)輻射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)源之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)距(ju)離(li)。屏(ping)蔽(bi)(bi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu):當(dang)鉛涂層輻射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)包(bao)括穿(chuan)透物(wu)質時，它的(de)強度(du)會減弱。一(yi)定(ding)厚度(du)的(de)屏(ping)蔽(bi)(bi)物(wu)質會減弱輻射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)強度(du)。在(zai)輻射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)源和人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)置足夠厚的(de)防護(hu)(hu)(hu)罩，可以降(jiang)低(di)輻射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)水(shui)平，減少工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)受(shou)到(dao)的(de)劑(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)證人(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)，達(da)(da)到(dao)防護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)目的(de)。

　射(she)(she)(she)(she)線防(fang)(fang)護鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)衣、鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)自然是(shi)用(yong)于抵擋x射(she)(she)(she)(she)線對人(ren)體(ti)(ti)頭(tou)部(bu)的(de)(de)傷害，頭(tou)部(bu)作(zuo)(zuo)為我(wo)們人(ren)體(ti)(ti)非常(chang)重要(yao)的(de)(de)部(bu)位，不(bu)(bu)允許出(chu)(chu)現(xian)任何差錯。防(fang)(fang)輻(fu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)適(shi)(shi)用(yong)于醫生(sheng)、患者，及(ji)(ji)(ji)介入時X射(she)(she)(she)(she)線的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)護，下(xia)面我(wo)們簡單了解一(yi)下(xia)X射(she)(she)(she)(she)線對人(ren)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)危害！X射(she)(she)(she)(she)線對生(sheng)物細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)殺(sha)傷破壞作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，會造(zao)成人(ren)體(ti)(ti)部(bu)分機體(ti)(ti)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)受(shou)到損害，受(shou)損細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)如不(bu)(bu)能自我(wo)修復，會殘存于體(ti)(ti)內，人(ren)體(ti)(ti)在抵抗力(li)低(di)下(xia)，極有(you)(you)(you)可(ke)能迅速出(chu)(chu)現(xian)一(yi)個(ge)灶。過量(liang)照(zhao)射(she)(she)(she)(she)后，還會造(zao)成組織的(de)(de)破壞，影(ying)響生(sheng)理(li)機能，更甚至(zhi)會引起(qi)生(sheng)命(ming)危險。如果長時間(jian)(jian)、大劑(ji)量(liang)地受(shou)到射(she)(she)(she)(she)線輻(fu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)，有(you)(you)(you)可(ke)能導致(zhi)絕育、生(sheng)長發育遲緩，甚至(zhi)誘發更惡性的(de)(de)結果。防(fang)(fang)輻(fu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)：防(fang)(fang)輻(fu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)可(ke)以在減(jian)少頭(tou)部(bu)輻(fu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)劑(ji)量(liang)的(de)(de)效果是(shi)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)擋板的(de)(de)30倍。一(yi)般市場上的(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)材(cai)質都比較適(shi)(shi)中，鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)的(de)(de)重量(liang)都在1.1KG左右(you)(you)，存在佩戴(dai)不(bu)(bu)適(shi)(shi)感(gan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)對頭(tou)部(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)頸部(bu)帶來(lai)職業和的(de)(de)危害。有(you)(you)(you)實(shi)物證實(shi)，現(xian)在推(tui)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)新材(cai)料無(wu)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)材(cai)質鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)，不(bu)(bu)僅可(ke)以在佩戴(dai)此種鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)帽(mao)(mao)(mao)時能額外減(jian)少頭(tou)部(bu)輻(fu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)劑(ji)量(liang)的(de)(de)90%，并且平均重量(liang)為200g左右(you)(you)，佩戴(dai)期間(jian)(jian)不(bu)(bu)會出(chu)(chu)現(xian)不(bu)(bu)適(shi)(shi)感(gan)。即使使用(yong)時間(jian)(jian)很長，隨鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)的(de)(de)自然老化也不(bu)(bu)會有(you)(you)(you)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)粉游(you)離(li)出(chu)(chu)來(lai)對周圍環境以及(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)群(qun)造(zao)成鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)污染，損害。