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<宜春> 博創輻射防護工程


<宜春> 博創輻射防護工程

　醫(yi)用(yong)鉛板(ban)(ban)(ban)被用(yong)于醫(yi)院等(deng)醫(yi)療機構的(de)放射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)科(ke)，起到很好的(de)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)(xian)防護效果，一般的(de)醫(yi)用(yong)防護鉛板(ban)(ban)(ban)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)擋(dang)住(zhu)絕(jue)大(da)多(duo)數(shu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，今天小編就(jiu)來給大(da)家(jia)講一下醫(yi)用(yong)鉛板(ban)(ban)(ban)對各(ge)種(zhong)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)防護能(neng)力：α粒子穿透力弱(ruo)，一張紙(zhi)就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)擋(dang)住(zhu)：鉛板(ban)(ban)(ban)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)完(wan)(wan)全擋(dang)住(zhu)，防護α輻(fu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)重(zhong)點不要誤食，沾污皮(pi)膚(fu);β射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，穿透力中等(deng)強，一般的(de)鉛板(ban)(ban)(ban)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)擋(dang)住(zhu)絕(jue)大(da)多(duo)數(shu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，但通常防護β射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)(xian)時加(jia)一層較低原子序數(shu)的(de)阻(zu)擋(dang)物(wu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)免產(chan)生(sheng)軔致(zhi)輻(fu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)。γ射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)伴隨(sui)(sui)α、β產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)，具有(you)較強的(de)穿透性一定(ding)厚度(du)鉛板(ban)(ban)(ban)鉛皮(pi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)阻(zu)擋(dang)一定(ding)比例強度(du)的(de)γ射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，放射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)性強度(du)隨(sui)(sui)鉛板(ban)(ban)(ban)鉛皮(pi)厚度(du)按指數(shu)規律衰減，理(li)論上是(shi)(shi)不能(neng)完(wan)(wan)全阻(zu)隔(ge)的(de)。實際上放射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)性無處(chu)不在，周圍(wei)空間都有(you)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，完(wan)(wan)全阻(zu)隔(ge)也沒有(you)必要，只要控制(zhi)在合理(li)范(fan)圍(wei)內就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)。用(yong)醫(yi)用(yong)防護鉛板(ban)(ban)(ban)阻(zu)擋(dang)的(de)是(shi)(shi)放射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)性物(wu)質發出的(de)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)(xian)(xian)，不是(shi)(shi)放射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)性物(wu)質。

鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)板的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)成份(fen)為(wei)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(Pb)，鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)pb的(de)(de)比重大，密度高(gao)(11.34g/cm3)，具有阻(zu)止(zhi)X射(she)(she)線及(ji)其(qi)(qi)他射(she)(she)線穿透的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)，鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)板是(shi)把金(jin)屬鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)錠(ding)熔融后通(tong)(tong)過機(ji)械壓制而成的(de)(de)板材，目前國內(nei)常見的(de)(de)厚(hou)度為(wei)1-10mm，多(duo)采用(yong)1#電解(jie)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)制作(zuo)(zuo)廣泛應用(yong)于輻射(she)(she)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)、防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)蝕(shi)、耐酸環(huan)境(jing)施工(gong)(gong)以及(ji)隔音(yin)工(gong)(gong)程等(deng)許多(duo)方面。用(yong)于射(she)(she)線防(fang)(fang)護(hu)的(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)板，一般在0.3-200mm以內(nei)，平常所(suo)講鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)當量或者(zhe)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)當量也指的(de)(de)是(shi)相當于1mm厚(hou)的(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)板所(suo)能達到的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)射(she)(she)線效(xiao)果(guo)。與普(pu)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)板不同，用(yong)于射(she)(she)線防(fang)(fang)護(hu)的(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)板要(yao)(yao)求厚(hou)度要(yao)(yao)均(jun)勻，鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)門(men)的(de)(de)揮發性 無氧化(hua)夾雜物和氣泡，若厚(hou)度不均(jun)勻或者(zhe)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)板中(zhong)含(han)有氣泡等(deng)，就會大大降低其(qi)(qi)阻(zu)擋x射(she)(she)線穿透的(de)(de)效(xiao)果(guo)。可以提供(gong)各種規格(ge)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)板 規格(ge)-1-25mm;純度99.99%有材質單;是(shi)X、R射(she)(she)線的(de)(de)必備防(fang)(fang)護(hu)材料，規格(ge)齊(qi)全，可以定尺生產(chan)。

目前國內(nei)常見的(de)(de)厚度(du)為0.5-500mm，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)規(gui)格為1000*2000MM，國內(nei)*好的(de)(de)機器可制(zhi)作(zuo)*寬2000MM，*長30000MM，多采用(yong)(yong)(yong)1#電解鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)制(zhi)作(zuo)，市面上也有(you)(you)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)回收鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)制(zhi)作(zuo)而成的(de)(de)。其品質略(lve)差些(xie)，價(jia)格相差些(xie)許。目前，在地殼中已(yi)發現的(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)鋅(xin)(xin)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)約有(you)(you)250多種，大約1/3是(shi)硫(liu)化(hua)物(wu)和硫(liu)酸鹽類，但可供目前工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)僅有(you)(you)17種。其中，鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)有(you)(you)方(fang)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、硫(liu)銻(ti)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、脆硫(liu)銻(ti)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、車輪礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、白鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)礬(fan)、鉻鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、磷氯鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、砷鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、釩鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、鉬鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang);鋅(xin)(xin)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)有(you)(you)閃鋅(xin)(xin)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、纖維鋅(xin)(xin)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、菱鋅(xin)(xin)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、異極礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、硅鋅(xin)(xin)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、水鋅(xin)(xin)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)。方(fang)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、閃鋅(xin)(xin)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)等(deng)是(shi)冶煉鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)鋅(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)主要(yao)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)原(yuan)(yuan)料。主要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于制(zhi)造鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)蓄電池，在制(zhi)酸工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和冶金(jin)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)上用(yong)(yong)(yong)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)板(ban)、鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)管作(zuo)襯里保(bao)護設備，電氣工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)中鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)電纜包皮(pi)和熔(rong)斷保(bao)險(xian)絲(si)。含錫(xi)、銻(ti)的(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)合(he)金(jin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)印刷活字，鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)錫(xi)合(he)金(jin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于制(zhi)造易熔(rong)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)焊條，鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)板(ban)和鍍鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)鋼(gang)板(ban)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于建筑工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)對(dui)X射(she)線和γ射(she)線有(you)(you)良好的(de)(de)吸收性，廣泛用(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)X光機和原(yuan)(yuan)子能裝置的(de)(de)保(bao)護材(cai)料。由于鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)毒和經濟等(deng)原(yuan)(yuan)因，某些(xie)領(ling)域中鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)已(yi)經或即將被其他材(cai)料所代替。

　醫用(yong)(yong)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)需要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)厚(hou)度(du)(du)是多(duo)(duo)(duo)少?不(bu)(bu)論是用(yong)(yong)在何種狀況下(xia)，醫用(yong)(yong)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)阻(zu)撓(nao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是放(fang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)性物(wu)質(zhi)宣布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)射(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)，不(bu)(bu)是放(fang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)性物(wu)質(zhi)。醫用(yong)(yong)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)厚(hou)度(du)(du)要根(gen)據(ju)阻(zu)撓(nao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隊形(xing)來確定(ding)(ding)。比如說(shuo)，α粒子穿透力(li)弱，一張紙就(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)夠擋(dang)住(zhu);醫用(yong)(yong)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)能(neng)夠擋(dang)住(zhu);β射(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)，穿透力(li)中等強(qiang)，一般(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)醫用(yong)(yong)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)能(neng)夠擋(dang)住(zhu)絕大多(duo)(duo)(duo)數射(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)，但一般(ban)(ban)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)β射(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)時(shi)加一層較(jiao)低原子序(xu)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)撓(nao)物(wu)，以免產(chan)生(sheng)軔(ren)致輻(fu)射(she)(she)(she)(she);γ射(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)，具有(you)(you)較(jiao)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穿透性，必(bi)(bi)定(ding)(ding)厚(hou)度(du)(du)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)能(neng)夠阻(zu)撓(nao)必(bi)(bi)定(ding)(ding)比例強(qiang)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)γ射(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)，放(fang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)性強(qiang)度(du)(du)隨鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)厚(hou)度(du)(du)按(an)指數規(gui)則(ze)衰減，理論上是不(bu)(bu)能(neng)隔絕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。一般(ban)(ban)機構對于10毫(hao)居里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)γ射(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)，都才用(yong)(yong)3mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)就(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)擋(dang)住(zhu)。防(fang)(fang)輻(fu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)是指利用(yong)(yong)x線(xian)曝(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)量(liang)與距離平方成反比這一原理，通過(guo)(guo)增加x線(xian)源與人(ren)體間距離以減少曝(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)量(liang)。X線(xian)穿透人(ren)體將(jiang)產(chan)生(sheng)一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)物(wu)效應(ying)。若接觸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)X線(xian)量(liang)過(guo)(guo)多(duo)(duo)(duo)，超(chao)過(guo)(guo)容許曝(pu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)量(liang)，就(jiu)(jiu)可能(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)放(fang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)反應(ying)，甚至產(chan)生(sheng)一定(ding)(ding)程度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)損害。遵照有(you)(you)關放(fang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)衛生(sheng)標準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)制定(ding)(ding)必(bi)(bi)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)措施，定(ding)(ding)期監測射(she)(she)(she)(she)線(xian)工(gong)作者所接受的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劑量(liang)，鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)-是低能(neng)輻(fu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)材料。防(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)格(ge)：1mm-25mm厚(hou)度(du)(du)，常(chang)用(yong)(yong)規(gui)格(ge)為1000*2000MM，純度(du)(du)99.99%電解(jie)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，也可以定(ding)(ding)尺生(sheng)產(chan)。防(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)是指使用(yong)(yong)原子序(xu)數較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質(zhi)，常(chang)用(yong)(yong)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)或含鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質(zhi)，作為屏障以吸收(shou)不(bu)(bu)必(bi)(bi)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)x線(xian)。鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)主要分為電解(jie)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(也就(jiu)(jiu)是我們(men)常(chang)說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)1號鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian))，跟(gen)雜質(zhi)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)兩種。粗鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)精煉(lian)工(gong)藝(yi)有(you)(you)火法(fa)(fa)和電解(jie)法(fa)(fa)兩種。