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一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)可(ke)(ke)在(zai)許多介質(zhi)中具(ju)有(you)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)，但在(zai)另外(wai)某種(zhong)介質(zhi)中，卻可(ke)(ke)能(neng)因化(hua)學穩定性(xing)低而(er)發(fa)生(sheng)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。所(suo)以說(shuo)，一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)對所(suo)有(you)介質(zhi)都耐(nai)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。 金屬(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，按機理(li)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)為特理(li)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、化(hua)學腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與電化(hua)學腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三種(zhong)。生(sheng)活實(shi)際(ji)、工程(cheng)實(shi)際(ji)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬(shu)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，絕(jue)大(da)(da)(da)多數都屬(shu)于電化(hua)學腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。 不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)形式有(you)均勻腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)（表(biao)面腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)）、點腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、縫(feng)(feng)(feng)隙(xi)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、晶間(jian)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)應力腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等。 均勻腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)指(zhi)接(jie)觸腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)介質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬(shu)表(biao)面全部產生(sheng)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現象。根據(ju)不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用情況對耐(nai)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)提出不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)標要(yao)求，一(yi)(yi)般可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)為兩(liang)大(da)(da)(da)類： 1. 不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan) 指(zhi)在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)氣(qi)及弱腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)介質(zhi)中耐(nai)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)。腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)速率(lv)小(xiao)(xiao)于0.01mm/年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，認(ren)為是(shi)"完全耐(nai)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)"；腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)速率(lv)小(xiao)(xiao)于0.1mm/年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，認(ren)為是(shi)"耐(nai)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 2. 耐(nai)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang) 指(zhi)在(zai)各種(zhong)強(qiang)烈腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)介質(zhi)中能(neng)耐(nai)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)。 點腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)指(zhi)在(zai)金屬(shu)材料(liao)表(biao)面大(da)(da)(da)部分(fen)(fen)不(bu)(bu)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)輕(qing)微而(er)分(fen)(fen)散發(fa)生(sheng)高度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局部腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，常見蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)寸小(xiao)(xiao)于1.00mm，深(shen)度往往大(da)(da)(da)于表(biao)面孔徑，輕(qing)者有(you)較淺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)坑，嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甚至形成穿(chuan)孔。 縫(feng)(feng)(feng)隙(xi)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)隙(xi)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)指(zhi)在(zai)金屬(shu)構件縫(feng)(feng)(feng)隙(xi)處發(fa)生(sheng)斑點狀或(huo)潰瘍形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宏觀(guan)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)坑，這是(shi)局部腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)。 晶間(jian)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)有(you)選(xuan)擇性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)破壞，它與一(yi)(yi)般選(xuan)擇性(xing)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)同之處在(zai)于，腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)局部性(xing)是(shi)顯(xian)微尺(chi)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，而(er)宏觀(guan)上不(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)定是(shi)局部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。 不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)和(he)(he)碳(tan)(tan)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物理(li)性(xing)能(neng)數據(ju)對比碳(tan)(tan)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密度略(lve)高于鐵素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)和(he)(he)馬(ma)氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)型(xing)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)，而(er)略(lve)低于奧氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)型(xing)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)；電阻率(lv)按碳(tan)(tan)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)、鐵素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)型(xing)、馬(ma)氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)型(xing)和(he)(he)奧氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)型(xing)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)排序遞(di)增；線膨脹系數大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排序也類似，奧氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)型(xing)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan) 而(er)碳(tan)(tan)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)小(xiao)(xiao)；碳(tan)(tan)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)、鐵素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)型(xing)和(he)(he)馬(ma)氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)型(xing)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)有(you)磁(ci)(ci)性(xing)，奧氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)型(xing)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)無磁(ci)(ci)性(xing)，但其冷加工硬化(hua)生(sheng)成成氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)相(xiang)變時將會(hui)產生(sheng)磁(ci)(ci)性(xing)，可(ke)(ke)用熱處理(li)方法來(lai)這種(zhong)馬(ma)氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)組織而(er)恢(hui)復其無磁(ci)(ci)性(xing)。

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