技術負責人的用工形式能否可以是勞務派遣？

CNAS-CI01:2012 5.2.5要求：檢(jian)驗機構應有(you)(you)一名(ming)或(huo)一名(ming)以上技術經理，對(dui)(dui)(dui)確保按照本準(zhun)則的(de)要求開(kai)展檢(jian)驗活動(dong)負責。CNAS-CI02:2015 5.2.5a進一步(bu)解(jie)釋(shi)(shi)：“有(you)(you)”應該被解(jie)釋(shi)(shi)為“雇有(you)(you)”或(huo)者(zhe)“簽訂合同”。但對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)如何界定(ding)“雇有(you)(you)”或(huo)者(zhe)“簽訂合同”，《認可準(zhun)則》和《認可準(zhun)則應用說(shuo)明》就(jiu)沒有(you)(you)進一步(bu)解(jie)釋(shi)(shi)。而現實中，世(shi)界各(ge)經濟體對(dui)(dui)(dui)勞動(dong)合同或(huo)雇傭員工(gong)有(you)(you)不同的(de)法律(lv)規定(ding)，做法也有(you)(you)明顯的(de)差異，因此需要明確界定(ding)。

我國的(de)經濟體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正處于(yu)轉型使其，勞(lao)(lao)動用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度復雜(za)，幾種用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度同(tong)(tong)時(shi)并(bing)存。檢驗機(ji)構設計的(de)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度有公務(wu)員制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、事業單位制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)普(pu)通合同(tong)(tong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等多種類型。這其中(zhong)(zhong)前兩種用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度是(shi)傳統的(de)政府用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度，后一(yi)種屬于(yu)合同(tong)(tong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度。勞(lao)(lao)務(wu)派遣是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國在建立(li)勞(lao)(lao)動力市場機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)實踐(jian)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)出的(de)一(yi)個(ge)現實課題，是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國勞(lao)(lao)動用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度中(zhong)(zhong)比(bi)較新的(de)一(yi)種形式，已被越來(lai)越多的(de)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)雇(gu)主采用(yong)，其中(zhong)(zhong)也包括檢驗機(ji)構和(he)實驗室(shi)。

勞(lao)(lao)(lao)務派(pai)(pai)(pai)遣(qian)，是(shi)指由(you)派(pai)(pai)(pai)遣(qian)機構與(yu)派(pai)(pai)(pai)遣(qian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)工(gong)訂立勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同關系(xi)存(cun)在于(yu)派(pai)(pai)(pai)遣(qian)機構與(yu)派(pai)(pai)(pai)遣(qian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)工(gong)之間(jian)，但勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)力(li)給付的事實則發生于(yu)派(pai)(pai)(pai)遣(qian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)工(gong)與(yu)要派(pai)(pai)(pai)企(qi)業(ye)之間(jian)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)派(pai)(pai)(pai)遣(qian)的顯著特征(zheng)就是(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)力(li)的雇傭和(he)使用(yong)(yong)分離。簡單(dan)(dan)地講(jiang)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)與(yu)其(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)的單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)不是(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系(xi)，而是(shi)與(yu)另(ling)一人(ren)才中介等(deng)專門(men)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)形成勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系(xi)，再由(you)該人(ren)才機構派(pai)(pai)(pai)到用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)，用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)與(yu)人(ren)才機構簽訂派(pai)(pai)(pai)遣(qian)協議(yi)。被(bei)聘用(yong)(yong)人(ren)員與(yu)派(pai)(pai)(pai)遣(qian)公司的關系(xi)是(shi)法律上的勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系(xi)，與(yu)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的關系(xi)是(shi)有(you)償使用(yong)(yong)關系(xi)。

我國《勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)同法》第66條規(gui)定(ding)(ding)：“勞(lao)(lao)動合(he)同用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)(shi)我國的(de)企業(ye)基本用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)形(xing)(xing)式。勞(lao)(lao)務派遣(qian)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)(shi)補充形(xing)(xing)式，只能在臨時(shi)性(xing)(xing)、輔(fu)助性(xing)(xing)或者(zhe)替(ti)代性(xing)(xing)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)上(shang)實施(shi)。”“前(qian)款規(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)臨時(shi)性(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)存續(xu)時(shi)間不超(chao)過(guo)六(liu)個月的(de)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)；輔(fu)助性(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)為主營(ying)業(ye)務崗(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)提供服務的(de)非(fei)主營(ying)業(ye)務崗(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)；替(ti)代性(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)的(de)勞(lao)(lao)動者(zhe)因脫產學習、休假(jia)等原因無法工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)一定(ding)(ding)期(qi)間內(nei)，可以由(you)其(qi)他勞(lao)(lao)動者(zhe)替(ti)代工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)崗(gang)(gang)(gang)位(wei)(wei)。”“用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)(wei)應當嚴格(ge)控制勞(lao)(lao)務派遣(qian)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)數量，不得(de)超(chao)過(guo)其(qi)用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)總量的(de)一定(ding)(ding)比例，具體(ti)比例由(you)國務院勞(lao)(lao)動行政部門規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。”

由此我們可以認(ren)為，“勞務派遣(qian)”是一(yi)種非正規就業(ye)(ye)形式。勞動者是勞務派遣(qian)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)職(zhi)工(gong)，與派遣(qian)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)是雇傭關(guan)系；與用工(gong)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)（檢驗機(ji)(ji)構(gou)）不存在法律上的(de)(de)勞動關(guan)系。

檢驗機(ji)構(gou)技術(shu)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)人的(de)崗位職(zhi)責(ze)是“確保(bao)按照本準(zhun)則的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)開展(zhan)檢驗活動負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)（CNAS-CI01:2012 5.2.5）”。要(yao)有效行(xing)(xing)使這(zhe)一職(zhi)責(ze)，必須技術(shu)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)人與所在機(ji)構(gou)建立(li)穩(wen)固的(de)、具備法律責(ze)任的(de)勞動關(guan)系(xi)。只有在這(zhe)樣的(de)勞動關(guan)系(xi)下(xia)，機(ji)構(gou)才能(neng)(neng)確保(bao)技術(shu)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)人擁有必需的(de)技術(shu)管理(li)權限，其管理(li)能(neng)(neng)力(li)和技術(shu)能(neng)(neng)力(li)得到穩(wen)定施展(zhan)和發(fa)展(zhan)維護，順利行(xing)(xing)使其崗位職(zhi)責(ze)；同時(shi)，檢驗機(ji)構(gou)技術(shu)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)人必須直(zhi)接(jie)向雇主負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)，并有能(neng)(neng)力(li)承擔相關(guan)的(de)工作責(ze)任，確保(bao)檢驗機(ji)構(gou)的(de)技術(shu)能(neng)(neng)力(li)得到有效管理(li)和維護發(fa)展(zhan)。僅是“有償使用”的(de)勞務派遣(qian)用工形式，顯然不能(neng)(neng)體現直(zhi)接(jie)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)的(de)雇傭關(guan)系(xi)，是不能(neng)(neng)滿足技術(shu)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)責(ze)人有效行(xing)(xing)使其崗位職(zhi)責(ze)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。

因此我們(men)認(ren)為(wei)，檢驗機構技術負(fu)責人的(de)用工(gong)形式（勞動關(guan)系(xi)）不可以是勞務(wu)派遣。

CMA資質(zhi)認定(ding)、CNAS實驗室(shi)認可咨詢指導！