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深圳(zhen)回收橡膠原料(liao)(liao)(liao)行(xing)情 抗(kang)(kang)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劑(ji)一(yi)般都具有(you)(you)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活性劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特征(zheng)，結構上極(ji)性基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)和非極(ji)性基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)兼而(er)有(you)(you)之(zhi)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)性基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)（即親(qin)(qin)水(shui)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)）有(you)(you)：羧(suo)酸(suan)、磺(huang)酸(suan)、硫酸(suan)、磷酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)陰離子(zi)，胺鹽(yan)、季銨鹽(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)離子(zi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)-OH、-O-等(deng)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)非極(ji)性基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)（即親(qin)(qin)油基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)或(huo)疏(shu)水(shui)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)）有(you)(you)：烷(wan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、烷(wan)芳基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等(deng)，從而(er)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)纖維(wei)工業常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)五種基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本(ben)類型的(de)(de)(de)(de)ASA，即胺的(de)(de)(de)(de)衍(yan)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)，季銨鹽(yan)，硫酸(suan)酯(zhi)、磷酸(suan)酯(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)聚乙二醇的(de)(de)(de)(de)衍(yan)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)。ASA 當涂(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)，疏(shu)水(shui)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)吸附于材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，外(wai)(wai)層(ceng)(ceng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)ASA 的(de)(de)(de)(de)分子(zi)層(ceng)(ceng)； 當采用(yong)(yong)(yong)共聚方(fang)法(fa)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)雙組(zu)分纖維(wei)時(shi)，外(wai)(wai)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)ASA 分子(zi)層(ceng)(ceng)受(shou)到破壞(huai)，內(nei)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)ASA 便可以(yi)(yi)(yi)滲(shen)透(tou)到材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)；材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)一(yi)個平(ping)滑的(de)(de)(de)(de)ASA 分子(zi)層(ceng)(ceng)，表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)摩擦系數的(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)低使(shi)(shi)(shi)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產生(sheng)幾率減少，但外(wai)(wai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)ASA 耐洗(xi)牢度不(bu)好(hao)，可考慮用(yong)(yong)(yong)反(fan)應性化合物(wu)(wu)與纖維(wei)在高(gao)溫下形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)共價(jia)鍵結合[11]。 抗(kang)(kang)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劑(ji) 抗(kang)(kang)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劑(ji) 外(wai)(wai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)ASA 一(yi)般以(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)、醇或(huo)其它(ta)有(you)(you)機溶(rong)劑(ji)作為溶(rong)劑(ji)或(huo)分散劑(ji)，進行(xing)涂(tu)覆疏(shu)水(shui)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)附著于材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，向(xiang)外(wai)(wai)排(pai)(pai)列的(de)(de)(de)(de)親(qin)(qin)水(shui)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)吸收環境中的(de)(de)(de)(de)微(wei)(wei)量水(shui)分，因(yin)為水(shui)是高(gao)介電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)常數的(de)(de)(de)(de)液體(ti)而(er)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)，并且(qie)纖維(wei)中所含的(de)(de)(de)(de)微(wei)(wei)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質也一(yi)定(ding)程(cheng)度地降(jiang)低表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻；用(yong)(yong)(yong)于織物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)ASA 多為飽(bao)和長碳鏈陽(yang)離子(zi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)活性劑(ji)，因(yin)纖維(wei)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)呈負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性而(er)容(rong)易被吸附形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)濕氣(qi)膜(mo)，這(zhe)樣材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)摩擦間隙的(de)(de)(de)(de)介電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)常數也明顯提(ti)高(gao)；如果ASA 為離子(zi)化合物(wu)(wu)時(shi)，本(ben)身便具有(you)(you)離子(zi)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)[12]。內(nei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)ASA 在聚合物(wu)(wu)中分布是不(bu)均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)，當添加(jia)到一(yi)定(ding)數量時(shi)，復合材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)會形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)親(qin)(qin)水(shui)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)團(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)(tuan)向(xiang)外(wai)(wai)排(pai)(pai)列的(de)(de)(de)(de)膜(mo)，同時(shi)內(nei)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)ASA 能向(xiang)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)滲(shen)透(tou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)補充膜(mo)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)缺損(sun)；因(yin)此ASA 與聚合物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相容(rong)程(cheng)度便形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)矛盾的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，相容(rong)性好(hao)會使(shi)(shi)(shi)向(xiang)外(wai)(wai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)滲(shen)透(tou)速度放(fang)慢，難(nan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)補充表(biao)(biao)(biao)層(ceng)(ceng)ASA 損(sun)失，反(fan)之(zhi)又會使(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)過早地喪失抗(kang)(kang)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性能。

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