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.化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學熱(re)處理(li)(li)(li)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua) 利用(yong)某種元(yuan)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)固態擴(kuo)散(san)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)入，來改變金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學成分(fen)，以(yi)實(shi)現(xian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學熱(re)處理(li)(li)(li)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，也稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)為(wei)擴(kuo)散(san)熱(re)處理(li)(li)(li)。包括(kuo)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)硼(peng)、滲(shen)(shen)(shen)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)及碳(tan)氮(dan)共(gong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)、滲(shen)(shen)(shen)氮(dan)及氮(dan)碳(tan)共(gong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)、滲(shen)(shen)(shen)硫(liu)及硫(liu)氮(dan)碳(tan)共(gong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)、滲(shen)(shen)(shen)鉻(ge)、滲(shen)(shen)(shen)鋁及鉻(ge)鋁硅共(gong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)、石墨化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)層等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)，種類(lei)(lei)繁多(duo)、特(te)(te)點各異。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)入元(yuan)素或(huo)(huo)溶(rong)入基體(ti)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)形成固溶(rong)體(ti)，或(huo)(huo)與其(qi)他(ta)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)元(yuan)素結(jie)合(he)(he)形成化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)合(he)(he)物(wu)。總之(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)入元(yuan)素即(ji)能(neng)改變表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學成分(fen)，又可以(yi)得(de)(de)到(dao)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)結(jie)構。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)軸(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)鋼零件的(de)(de)(de)(de)處理(li)(li)(li)工藝和(he)滾針軸(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)套的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)氮(dan)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)(li)(li)均(jun)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)這一類(lei)(lei)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)法。 .表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)冶金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua) 利用(yong)工件表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)新(xin)融化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)凝(ning)固，以(yi)得(de)(de)到(dao)預(yu)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)成分(fen)或(huo)(huo)組織的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)(li)(li)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)冶金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。包括(kuo)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)自溶(rong)性(xing)(xing)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)或(huo)(huo)復(fu)合(he)(he)粉(fen)末涂層、表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)融化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)結(jie)晶(jing)或(huo)(huo)非晶(jing)態處理(li)(li)(li)、表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)等(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)法。特(te)(te)點是采用(yong)高能(neng)量密(mi)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)快速加熱(re)，將(jiang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層或(huo)(huo)涂覆于金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)材(cai)料(liao)熔化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，隨(sui)后(hou)靠自己冷卻進(jin)行凝(ning)固以(yi)得(de)(de)到(dao)特(te)(te)殊結(jie)構或(huo)(huo)特(te)(te)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)層。這種特(te)(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構或(huo)(huo)許(xu)是細(xi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)體(ti)組織，也或(huo)(huo)許(xu)是過飽和(he)相(xiang)、亞穩相(xiang)、甚至是非晶(jing)體(ti)組織，這取決于表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)冶金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工藝參(can)數和(he)方(fang)(fang)法。 滾動軸(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)行業在(zai)微型軸(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)工作表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)做過激(ji)光加熱(re)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)研究，效(xiao)果(guo)良好(hao)。 .表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)薄膜(mo)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua) 應用(yong)物(wu)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)或(huo)(huo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法，在(zai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)涂覆于基體(ti)材(cai)料(liao)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)膜(mo)層，稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)薄膜(mo)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。它包括(kuo)電(dian)鍍(du)(du)、化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學鍍(du)(du)(鍍(du)(du)鉻(ge)、鍍(du)(du)鎳、鍍(du)(du)銅、鍍(du)(du)銀等(deng)(deng))以(yi)及復(fu)合(he)(he)鍍(du)(du)、刷鍍(du)(du)或(huo)(huo)轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)(li)(li)等(deng)(deng)，也包括(kuo)近(jin)年來發展(zhan)較快的(de)(de)(de)(de)高新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)：如(ru)CVD、PVD、P-CVD等(deng)(deng)氣相(xiang)沉積薄膜(mo)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)法和(he)離子注(zhu)入表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(也稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)原子冶金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu))等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)。它們共(gong)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)點是均(jun)能(neng)在(zai)工作表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)形成特(te)(te)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)薄膜(mo)，以(yi)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)耐磨性(xing)(xing)、耐疲勞、耐腐蝕(shi)和(he)自潤滑等(deng)(deng)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)。例如(ru)離子注(zhu)入技(ji)(ji)術(shu)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)軸(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)工作表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，能(neng)使軸(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)工作表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)耐磨性(xing)(xing)、耐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)、和(he)抗接(jie)觸(chu)疲勞性(xing)(xing)能(neng)都得(de)(de)到(dao)顯(xian)著提高，從而使軸(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命得(de)(de)到(dao)成倍的(de)(de)(de)(de)增長(chang)。 遼陽(yang)深溝球軸(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)