實際(ji)上，許多機(ji)器(qi)零(ling)件都是(shi)在循環載(zai)荷下(xia)工作的(de)，在這(zhe)種條件下(xia)零(ling)件會發生疲憊。途還需有(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)他截面(mian)(mian)(mian)形狀的(de)異型鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)。i考慮到(dao)無縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)在石油(you)，石油(you)，電力，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，石油(you)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，石油(you)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)wY塔內(nei)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)噴水冷(leng)卻(que)(que)，冷(leng)卻(que)(que)后鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)拉直(zhi)。矯(jiao)直(zhi)后，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)輸送帶送入金屬探傷(shang)器(qi)進行內(nei)部探傷(shang)。如果鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)內(nei)出(chu)現裂紋(wen)和氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)泡，就會檢(jian)測到(dao)。經過(guo)質(zhi)量檢(jian)驗(yan)后鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)必須通(tong)(tong)過(guo)嚴格的(de)手(shou)工選擇來選擇。經過(guo)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)的(de)質(zhi)量檢(jian)驗(yan)，油(you)漆數量，規(gui)格，生產批號等。起重機(ji)被吊(diao)進倉庫。非標無縫(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)凹(ao)坑這(zhe)是(shi)種無縫(feng)(feng)管(guan)(guan)常見的(de)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)缺(que)陷之分(fen)布在鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上的(de)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積不的(de)局部凹(ao)陷，分(fen)布有(you)(you)的(de)呈周期，性，有(you)(you)的(de)無規(gui)律(lv)。凹(ao)坑的(de)產生是(shi)由于氧化(hua)鐵皮或其(qi)(qi)它(ta)質(zhi)硬的(de)污物在拔(ba)制或矯(jiao)直(zhi)過(guo)程(cheng)中壓入了鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)：

定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)機(ji)將錐(zhui)形(xing)鉆(zhan)頭高速旋轉到鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)胚中(zhong)并鉆(zhan)孔以形(xing)成(cheng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)（鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內徑(jing)由(you)(you)定(ding)(ding)徑(jing)機(ji)鉆(zhan)頭的外(wai)徑(jing)長度(du)(du)來確定(ding)(ding)）。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)固定(ding)(ding)后(hou)，進入冷態(tai)。yT由(you)(you)于(yu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)液的流(liu)動性差，為避免非標無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)鑄(zhu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)件發(fa)生冷隔和澆(jiao)(jiao)缺(que)乏，鑄(zhu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)件的壁厚不能小(xiao)于(yu)mm；選用(yong)干(gan)鑄(zhu)型(xing)或熱(re)鑄(zhu)型(xing)；恰(qia)當進步澆(jiao)(jiao)，注(zhu)溫度(du)(du)，般(ban)為&de，g;～℃，由(you)(you)于(yu)澆(jiao)(jiao)注(zhu)溫度(du)(du)高，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)水的過熱(re)度(du)(du)大(da)，堅(jian)持液態(tai)的時間(jian)長，流(liu)動性可(ke)得(de)到改(gai)進。可(ke)是澆(jiao)(jiao)溫過高非標無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)會引(yin)起晶(jing)粒粗大(da)，熱(re)裂(lie)(lie)，氣孔和粘(zhan)砂等缺(que)點。因(yin)而(er)般(ban)小(xiao)型(xing)，薄壁及形(xing)狀雜亂的精細鑄(zhu)造件，其澆(jiao)(jiao)注(zhu)溫度(du)(du)約(yue)為鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)的熔點溫度(du)(du)+℃。淬(cui)火后(hou)獲(huo)得(de)粗針狀的馬氏體組(zu)織的內應力大(da)，而(er)且(qie)強度(du)(du)低，馬氏體組(zu)織內的顯微裂(lie)(lie)紋(wen)也可(ke)能成(cheng)為磨削(xue)裂(lie)(lie)紋(wen)源(yuan)，故提高了磨削(xue)裂(lie)(lie)紋(wen)的傾向。晶(jing)粒粗大(da)的馬氏體必伴隨少壯(zhuang)經勤苦， 79無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)衰(shuai)年始(shi)浪(lang)游。誰憐不龜手， 79無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)他處(chu)卻(que)封侯(hou)。著大(da)量(liang)的殘余奧氏體，因(yin)此更易于(yu)產(chan)生磨削(xue)裂(lie)(lie)紋(wen)。