柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)發電機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)指(zhi)標(biao)有(you)(you)(you)哪些 (1)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du) 粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)即通(tong)常(chang)所(suo)說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稀(xi)(xi)稠程度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，實際(ji)上粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)液體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)。當油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)受到(dao)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響發生(sheng)(sheng)相對(dui)位移(yi)時，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)分子之間就會(hui)產生(sheng)(sheng)阻力，使潤滑油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)難以流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。阻力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)于潤滑油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小。粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)過(guo)(guo)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、阻力大(da)，機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不易(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)功和(he)(he)(he)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱(re)(re)增(zeng)大(da)，冷卻和(he)(he)(he)清洗作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)變差(cha)；粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)過(guo)(guo)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，阻力小，摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)少，容(rong)易(yi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)(he)(he)冷卻，但(dan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)膜不易(yi)保持，承載(zai)能(neng)力低(di)(di)，零件磨損增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)。因此，粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)主要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)指(zhi)標(biao)，也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)國(guo)產機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)分類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要依據(ju)。 (2)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)比(bi) 機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)隨(sui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)而(er)變化(hua)，當溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)降低(di)(di)時，其(qi)(qi)(qi)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)變大(da)。粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)隨(sui)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)變化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質常(chang)用(yong)(yong)不同溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)值(zhi)來(lai)衡(heng)量(liang)(liang)。國(guo)產機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)50℃與100℃時運動(dong)(dong)(dong)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)比(bi) v50/v100的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 值(zhi)。比(bi)值(zhi)越(yue)(yue)(yue)小，表示溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)變化(hua)時粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)變化(hua)越(yue)(yue)(yue)小，機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品質越(yue)(yue)(yue)好。就是(shi)(shi)說，在(zai)(zai)(zai)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)時，機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不會(hui)變得(de)太稠，保證(zheng)柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)容(rong)易(yi)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)；在(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)時，機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不變得(de)過(guo)(guo)稀(xi)(xi)，能(neng)保持一定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)膜，起(qi)到(dao)潤滑和(he)(he)(he)密封的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。 (3)閃(shan)點(dian) 當機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)時，其(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)逐漸升高(gao)(gao)(gao)，表面(mian)開(kai)始形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)汽。當加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)到(dao)某一溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)時，散布在(zai)(zai)(zai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)面(mian)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)汽遇到(dao)明火(huo)接近開(kai)始燃燒，開(kai)始燃燒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)稱為(wei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)閃(shan)點(dian)。閃(shan)點(dian)低(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，易(yi)蒸(zheng)發。由(you)此可知閃(shan)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)低(di)(di)決(jue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)料在(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。通(tong)常(chang)柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)閃(shan)點(dian)為(wei)(140～215)℃。 (4)凝(ning)固(gu)點(dian) 潤滑油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)試驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件下(xia)(xia)，完(wan)全停止流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)稱為(wei)凝(ning)固(gu)點(dian)。它是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia)(xia)保證(zheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)過(guo)(guo)濾(lv)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)標(biao)。 內燃機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)凝(ning)固(gu)點(dian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(-35～-5)℃之間。通(tong)常(chang)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)凝(ning)固(gu)點(dian)也(ye)(ye)高(gao)(gao)(gao)。 (5)熱(re)(re)氧(yang)化(hua)安(an)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 熱(re)(re)氧(yang)化(hua)安(an)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia)(xia)抵抗(kang)氧(yang)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力。因為(wei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)狀態下(xia)(xia)容(rong)易(yi)氧(yang)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)各種酸(suan)(suan)類(lei)、膠質和(he)(he)(he)瀝青質等(deng)。氧(yang)化(hua)變質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)色澤暗黑、粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)(gao)、酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)，有(you)(you)(you)膠狀沉積物(wu)(wu)析出，造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)濾(lv)清器堵塞(sai)、活(huo)塞(sai)環(huan)粘(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)結等(deng)故障。為(wei)了(le)抗(kang)氧(yang)化(hua)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，通(tong)常(chang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)加(jia)(jia)人添(tian)加(jia)(jia)劑以提高(gao)(gao)(gao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)氧(yang)化(hua)安(an)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。 (6)酸(suan)(suan)值(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du) 酸(suan)(suan)值(zhi)表示機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)含(han)酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多少。酸(suan)(suan)值(zhi)是(shi)(shi)以中(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)1克機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)含(han)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)質所(suo)需要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氫氧(yang)化(hua)鉀(KOH)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)mg數。酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)質一般來(lai)源于機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，或者在(zai)(zai)(zai)使用(yong)(yong)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)氧(yang)化(hua)變質生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)。機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)含(han)有(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)質對(dui)柴(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)件有(you)(you)(you)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia)(xia)更(geng)為(wei)嚴重，因此，必須限制。根據(ju) 標(biao)準(GB391-64)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，用(yong)(yong)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)來(lai)評(ping)價機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。即將(jiang)鉛片放在(zai)(zai)(zai)14o℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)下(xia)(xia)受機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)和(he)(he)(he)空(kong)氣間斷作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)10小時，以鉛片的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重量(liang)(liang)損失(g/m2)來(lai)評(ping)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。 (7)殘(can)(can)炭(tan)量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)(he)灰分 機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)(can)炭(tan)量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)(he)灰分用(yong)(yong)所(suo)含(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百分數來(lai)評(ping)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，要求越(yue)(yue)(yue)低(di)(di)越(yue)(yue)(yue)好。