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<陽江> 博創輻射防護工程
fanghu

鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)為帶(dai)藍(lan)色的(de)(de)銀白色重金(jin)屬，它有(you)毒性(xing)，是一種有(you)延(yan)伸(shen)性(xing)的(de)(de)主族金(jin)屬。熔(rong)點327.502℃，沸點1740℃，密度(du)(du)11.3437g/cm^3，硬度(du)(du)1.5，質地(di)柔軟，抗張強度(du)(du)小。鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)是人類(lei)早使用(yong)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬之一，公元前3000年，人類(lei)已會從礦(kuang)石(shi)中熔(rong)煉(lian)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)在(zai)地(di)殼(ke)中的(de)(de)含(han)(han)量為0.0016%，主要礦(kuang)石(shi)是方鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)礦(kuang)。鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)在(zai)自然(ran)界(jie)(jie)中有(you)4種穩定同(tong)位(wei)(wei)素：鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)204、206、207、208，還(huan)有(you)20多(duo)種放射性(xing)同(tong)位(wei)(wei)素。金(jin)屬鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)在(zai)空氣中受到氧、水和(he)二氧化碳作用(yong)，其表面(mian)會很(hen)快氧化生成保護薄膜(mo);在(zai)加(jia)熱下，鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)能(neng)很(hen)快與(yu)氧、硫、鹵素化合(he);鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)與(yu)冷鹽酸(suan)(suan)、冷硫酸(suan)(suan)幾乎不起作用(yong)，能(neng)與(yu)熱或濃(nong)鹽酸(suan)(suan)、硫酸(suan)(suan)反應;鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)與(yu)稀硝酸(suan)(suan)反應，但與(yu)濃(nong)硝酸(suan)(suan)不反應;鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)能(neng)緩慢溶于(yu)強堿性(xing)溶液。鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)在(zai)地(di)殼(ke)中含(han)(han)量不大，自然(ran)界(jie)(jie)中存(cun)在(zai)很(hen)少量的(de)(de)天然(ran)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。但由于(yu)含(han)(han)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)礦(kuang)物(wu)聚集，熔(rong)點又很(hen)低(di)(328℃)，使鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)在(zai)遠古時代就被人們所利用(yong)了(le)。

鉛(qian)(qian)磚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臨時(shi)配件以(yi)及(ji)支撐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物體都是由(you)不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)制成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，假如使用壓重或(huo)者卷彎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)具，那(nei)么就需要(yao)在它們有可能和不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)相互接觸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位置安裝上保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)板進(jin)行(xing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)，這些保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)板一定是由(you)不銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼(gang)或(huo)者鉛(qian)(qian)板制成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。運輸鉛(qian)(qian)磚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，需要(yao)放(fang)在封閉(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)子里面，開口的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)箱(xiang)子一定要(yao)是用帆(fan)布進(jin)行(xing)遮蓋，在鉛(qian)(qian)磚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩頭一定要(yao)確保(bao)有塑料(liao)堵蓋進(jin)行(xing)堵封。鉛(qian)(qian)磚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)進(jin)行(xing)放(fang)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，不能受到碳鋼(gang)等等一些雜質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，在進(jin)行(xing)存(cun)儲(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)要(yao)盡量放(fang)置在比(bi)較干燥(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)房間里面，以(yi)避免濕氣，鹽水，灰塵(chen)，鐵以(yi)及(ji)其(qi)他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)污(wu)染物相接處。

方(fang)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)礦(kuang)(PbS)直(zhi)到(dao)今(jin)天都是(shi)人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)提(ti)取鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)來源。遠古(gu)時代人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)偶然(ran)(ran)(ran)把方(fang)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)礦(kuang)投進篝(gou)(gou)火(huo)中(zhong)，它首(shou)(shou)先(xian)(xian)被(bei)燒成氧(yang)化物(wu)(wu)，然(ran)(ran)(ran)后受到(dao)碳的(de)(de)(de)(de)還(huan)原(yuan)，形(xing)成了金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)為(wei)(wei)帶藍色的(de)(de)(de)(de)銀白(bai)色重金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)，它有毒(du)性，是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)有延(yan)伸性的(de)(de)(de)(de)主族金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)。熔(rong)(rong)(rong)點327.502℃，沸點1740℃，密度11.3437g/cm^3，硬度1.5，質(zhi)地(di)柔軟，抗(kang)張(zhang)強度小。鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)是(shi)人(ren)(ren)類早使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)之一(yi)，公元前3000年，人(ren)(ren)類已會(hui)從礦(kuang)石中(zhong)熔(rong)(rong)(rong)煉(lian)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)在(zai)地(di)殼中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)含量(liang)為(wei)(wei)0.0016%，主要(yao)礦(kuang)石是(shi)方(fang)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)礦(kuang)。鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)在(zai)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)界中(zhong)有4種(zhong)穩定同位素：鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)204、206、207、208，還(huan)有20多(duo)種(zhong)放(fang)射性同位素。金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)在(zai)空氣中(zhong)受到(dao)氧(yang)、水和二氧(yang)化碳作用(yong)，其表面會(hui)很快(kuai)氧(yang)化生成保護薄膜(mo);在(zai)加熱(re)下，鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)能(neng)(neng)很快(kuai)與(yu)氧(yang)、硫、鹵素化合;鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)與(yu)冷(leng)(leng)鹽酸(suan)、冷(leng)(leng)硫酸(suan)幾乎不(bu)起作用(yong)，能(neng)(neng)與(yu)熱(re)或濃鹽酸(suan)、硫酸(suan)反應;鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)與(yu)稀(xi)硝酸(suan)反應，但與(yu)濃硝酸(suan)不(bu)反應;鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)能(neng)(neng)緩慢溶(rong)于(yu)(yu)強堿性溶(rong)液。鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)在(zai)地(di)殼中(zhong)含量(liang)不(bu)大，自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)(ran)界中(zhong)存在(zai)很少(shao)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)天然(ran)(ran)(ran)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。但由于(yu)(yu)含鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)聚集，熔(rong)(rong)(rong)點又很低(328℃)，使(shi)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)在(zai)遠古(gu)時代就(jiu)被(bei)人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)所利用(yong)了。方(fang)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)礦(kuang)(PbS)直(zhi)到(dao)今(jin)天都是(shi)人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)提(ti)取鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)來源。遠古(gu)時代人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)偶然(ran)(ran)(ran)把方(fang)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)礦(kuang)投進篝(gou)(gou)火(huo)中(zhong)，它首(shou)(shou)先(xian)(xian)被(bei)燒成氧(yang)化物(wu)(wu)，然(ran)(ran)(ran)后受到(dao)碳的(de)(de)(de)(de)還(huan)原(yuan)，形(xing)成了金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。對于(yu)(yu)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)我們(men)(men)要(yao)明白(bai)鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)阻擋的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)放(fang)射性物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)發出的(de)(de)(de)(de)射線不(bu)是(shi)放(fang)射性物(wu)(wu)質(zhi).下面我們(men)(men)將(jiang)為(wei)(wei)您介(jie)紹一(yi)下鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)防輻(fu)射原(yuan)理分析.

鉛(qian)(qian)磚是在(zai)(zai)鉛(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang)進(jin)行加(jia)工(gong)和制作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)，有了良好的(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)和加(jia)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)優點，在(zai)(zai)很大的(de)(de)(de)程度(du)上(shang)促進(jin)了化(hua)學(xue)工(gong)業的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，在(zai)(zai)防(fang)輻射(she)的(de)(de)(de)領域(yu)中的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是大大增(zeng)強的(de)(de)(de)。鉛(qian)(qian)塊(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)效果(guo)是比(bi)較好的(de)(de)(de)，因為(wei)鉛(qian)(qian)塊(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)是比(bi)比(bi)重(zhong)(zhong)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)，所以(yi)(yi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)運用(yong)(yong)于(yu)沖壓(ya)廠(chang)，手(shou)機(ji)廠(chang)。機(ji)械廠(chang)，漁(yu)業，化(hua)工(gong)廠(chang)等(deng)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)讓產品達到起重(zhong)(zhong)和配(pei)重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。針(zhen)對儲放防(fang)輻射(she)鉛(qian)(qian)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)場所或(huo)庫房，應(ying)挑(tiao)選清理整(zheng)潔(jie)(jie)，排(pai)水管(guan)道工(gong)作(zuo)能力(li)強的(de)(de)(de)地區(qu)，避(bi)開會發生(sheng)有害物質，煙塵的(de)(de)(de)廠(chang)礦企業，在(zai)(zai)堆積時(shi)，應(ying)將殘渣等(deng)全(quan)部整(zheng)潔(jie)(jie)，并維持防(fang)輻射(she)鉛(qian)(qian)板(ban)自(zi)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)潔(jie)(jie)凈度(du)。在(zai)(zai)儲存(cun)空(kong)間內不(bu)可(ke)(ke)與(yu)酸，堿，鹽，混凝土等(deng)對其(qi)有黏附性的(de)(de)(de)原材(cai)料開展(zhan)沉(chen)積。不(bu)一樣類(lei)型的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)輻射(she)鉛(qian)(qian)板(ban)應(ying)各自(zi)沉(chen)積，避(bi)免摻雜，觸碰浸蝕。和醋(cu)酸等(deng)腐蝕。也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)設(she)備(bei)上(shang)射(she)線的(de)(de)(de)屏蔽(bi)和中射(she)線的(de)(de)(de)屏蔽(bi)。易于(yu)輾壓(ya)，鍛(duan)制或(huo)焊接(jie)。但性軟，機(ji)械強度(du)差，密度(du)大，導熱率低(di)，必(bi)要時(shi)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)管(guan)鎧裝。用(yong)(yong)木(mu)拍板(ban)把接(jie)頭敲打平整(zheng)以(yi)(yi)增(zeng)加(jia)其(qi)受壓(ya)能力(li)。