全新發電機組或設備大修后使用中的幾點錯誤做法 廣東梅州發電機出租、租賃
 柴油(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)在使用(yong)(yong)過(guo)程中發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)故障較多。 為(wei)此， 筆者走訪和調查(cha)了一(yi)(yi)些柴油(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)修理廠和一(yi)(yi)些擁有大量柴油(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)施工單位。根據調查(cha)結果(guo)發(fa)(fa)現，在使用(yong)(yong)中發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)產生的(de)(de)故障主要是由于(yu)發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)維護不當(dang)所造成(cheng)的(de)(de)。 由于(yu)一(yi)(yi)些機(ji)(ji)(ji)手技術素(su)質(zhi)不高或思想不夠重視，在使用(yong)(yong)柴油(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)時，不能(neng)嚴格執行有關規(gui)定(ding)和操作規(gui)程， 甚至還采用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)些錯誤的(de)(de)做法進行操作和維護，造成(cheng)了發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)磨損加劇，功(gong)率(lv)下降油(you)(you)(you)耗上升，從而導(dao)致發(fa)(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)過(guo)早產生故障。現將調查(cha)結果(guo)及個(ge)人的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些建議歸納總(zong)結如下。

1 新發(fa)動機(ji)或大修后的(de)發(fa)動機(ji)不進行磨合(he)

新(xin)設備或發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)大修(xiu)后，更(geng)換了氣缸套、活(huo)塞、活(huo)塞環(huan)和軸瓦等零件(jian)，而沒有(you)(you)經過充分的(de)磨(mo)合，立(li)即進行重(zhong)負荷(he)作業(ye)(ye)，會(hui)造成零件(jian)的(de)早期(qi)磨(mo)損，有(you)(you)的(de)還會(hui)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)拉缸、燒瓦現(xian)象。 例如有(you)(you)一臺TY220推土(tu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上裝(zhuang)用的(de)是NT855柴油機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，大修(xiu)后沒有(you)(you)按要求(qiu)進行磨(mo)合就(jiu)(jiu)直接重(zhong)負荷(he)作業(ye)(ye)，結(jie)果工作不到20 h就(jiu)(jiu)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)了燒瓦現(xian)象。 廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)維曼機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是國內(nei)廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)租(zu)(zu)行業(ye)(ye)網站(zhan),它(ta)實現(xian)了為全國,山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)等地提供柴油廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)租(zu)(zu),靜音廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)租(zu)(zu),發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)租(zu)(zu)賃,應(ying)急發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車出(chu)(chu)租(zu)(zu),租(zu)(zu)賃及柴油發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)配件(jian)相(xiang)關信(xin)息發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)布功(gong)能.廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)租(zu)(zu)網致力于為更(geng)多(duo)企業(ye)(ye)的(de)提供更(geng)專業(ye)(ye)的(de)廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)租(zu)(zu),租(zu)(zu)賃服務. 廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)租(zu)(zu),發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)租(zu)(zu)賃,應(ying)急發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車出(chu)(chu)租(zu)(zu),發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車出(chu)(chu)租(zu)(zu),廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)租(zu)(zu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si),江蘇廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)租(zu)(zu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si),保定廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)租(zu)(zu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si),沈陽(yang)廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)租(zu)(zu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si),阜新(xin)廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)租(zu)(zu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si),山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)租(zu)(zu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si),濟南(nan)廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)租(zu)(zu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si),唐山(shan)廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)租(zu)(zu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si),秦皇島廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)租(zu)(zu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si),鹽城廣(guang)(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)梅(mei)(mei)(mei)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)租(zu)(zu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si) 2 發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)冷啟動后就(jiu)(jiu)立(li)即高速運轉

發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機冷(leng)啟動(dong)(dong)后(hou)，由(you)于(yu)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機處于(yu)冷(leng)態，機油(you)(you)粘度高，油(you)(you)道(dao)阻力也大，機油(you)(you)泵的(de)(de)轉速(su)較低(di)，供油(you)(you)量(liang)較小(xiao)，使(shi)得機油(you)(you)進入摩擦(ca)副的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間滯后(hou)，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)各部分(fen)還沒(mei)有得到(dao)充分(fen)潤滑， 會造成(cheng)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機的(de)(de)齒(chi)輪及軸承由(you)于(yu)潤滑不良而(er)損壞(huai)， 同(tong)時(shi)(shi)也加(jia)劇了氣缸(gang)及軸瓦的(de)(de)磨損。

特(te)別是帶有渦(wo)輪增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)會造(zao)成(cheng)渦(wo)輪增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)軸(zhou)燒(shao)蝕。由(you)于增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)軸(zhou)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)較高，因此滾(gun)動(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)承(cheng)無法適應，只(zhi)能采(cai)用浮動(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)承(cheng)結構，即轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)軸(zhou)在軸(zhou)套(tao)內(nei)高速(su)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)同時(shi)， 軸(zhou)套(tao)還可(ke)在壓(ya)(ya)氣(qi)殼與渦(wo)輪殼內(nei)低速(su)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)。 這樣，軸(zhou)套(tao)內(nei)、外圓必須具備(bei)完(wan)整的(de)(de)油(you)膜(mo)，才能確保增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)正常(chang)工作(zuo)。 為此，柴油(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)后應空(kong)(kong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)一會，機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)溫度(du)上(shang)升(sheng)，流動(dong)(dong)性好轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)得到充分(fen)潤滑后方(fang)可(ke)提高轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)，投入(ru)作(zuo)業，這一點在寒冷的(de)(de)冬季更(geng)為重要。 例如有一臺從俄羅斯進口的(de)(de)T-330推(tui)土機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為B-400柴油(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（V形8 缸帶兩個增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)，功(gong)率為300kW）。這臺推(tui)土機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)從運(yun)載設(she)(she)備(bei)上(shang)卸下(xia)時(shi)正是寒冬季節(jie)（氣(qi)溫比較低），卸下(xia)后，機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)手立即啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，隨后高速(su)開回工地(di)，次日(ri)發(fa)現可(ke)以(yi)空(kong)(kong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，但(dan)一加載就(jiu)走不動(dong)(dong)了。原來是增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)因潤滑不良而燒(shao)蝕轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)軸(zhou)，缸內(nei)進氣(qi)量隨之(zhi)減少，機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)設(she)(she)備(bei)功(gong)率就(jiu)大幅度(du)下(xia)降。

3 柴油機突然(ran)熄火

當裝有(you)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)器(qi)的柴油(you)機(ji)在高(gao)速運轉(zhuan)時突然熄(xi)火(huo)(huo)，機(ji)油(you)泵立即停止轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)器(qi)內(nei)的機(ji)油(you)也停止流動(dong)(dong)，如果(guo)此時排(pai)氣歧管的溫度很高(gao)，其熱量會(hui)被吸收到增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)壓(ya)器(qi)殼體上，將停留在那里的機(ji)油(you)熬成積碳(tan)。當這(zhe)種積碳(tan)越(yue)積越(yue)多時就會(hui)阻塞進油(you)口(kou)， 導致(zhi)軸套缺油(you)，加速轉(zhuan)軸與軸套之間(jian)的磨損，甚至產生“咬死”的嚴重后果(guo)。 因(yin)此，柴油(you)機(ji)停轉(zhuan)前一定要先卸荷，使其空轉(zhuan)，待發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)溫度下(xia)降(jiang)后再熄(xi)火(huo)(huo)。

4 使用劣質(zhi)柴(chai)油(you)

使用不(bu)合格的(de)柴(chai)(chai)油(you)。 由于劣質柴(chai)(chai)油(you)的(de)十六烷值不(bu)符(fu)合標準，造成發(fa)動機燃燒狀況(kuang)不(bu)良，積(ji)碳多(duo)，發(fa)動機活塞環燒結引起(qi)拉缸。 同(tong)時劣質的(de)柴(chai)(chai)油(you)也加速了噴油(you)泵柱塞、出(chu)油(you)閥及(ji)噴油(you)器的(de)磨(mo)損。