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不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種基本的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)它也(ye)有(you)良多硬(ying)(ying)(ying)性的(de)(de)(de)必需的(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)，包括良多方面(mian)(mian)，下(xia)(xia)面(mian)(mian)我(wo)們要講的(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)關于(yu)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)焊管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)。根據試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)方法和合用(yong)范(fan)圍不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)又(you)可分(fen)為布氏(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，洛氏(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，維氏(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，肖氏(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，顯(xian)微(wei)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和高溫硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)等。對(dui)于(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材一(yi)(yi)般(ban)常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)布氏(shi)(shi)，洛氏(shi)(shi)，維氏(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)三種。1、布氏(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(HB用(yong)一(yi)(yi)定直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)的(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)或硬(ying)(ying)(ying)質合金球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，以(yi)(yi)劃定的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)力(li)(li)(F)壓(ya)入式樣(yang)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)，經劃定保持(chi)(chi)時(shi)間后卸(xie)除試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)力(li)(li)，丈(zhang)量(liang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)痕(hen)(hen)(hen)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(L)布氏(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)是(shi)以(yi)(yi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)力(li)(li)除以(yi)(yi)壓(ya)痕(hen)(hen)(hen)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)形表(biao)面(mian)(mian)積所(suo)(suo)得(de)的(de)(de)(de)商。以(yi)(yi)HBS(鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu))表(biao)示(shi)，單(dan)位(wei)為N/mm2(MPa其計(ji)算公(gong)式為式中：F--壓(ya)入不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)焊管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)力(li)(li)，N，D--試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)，mmd--壓(ya)痕(hen)(hen)(hen)均勻直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)，mm.測定布氏(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)正確可靠，但一(yi)(yi)般(ban)HBS只合用(yong)于(yu)450N/mm2(MPa)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)金屬材料，對(dui)于(yu)較(jiao)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)或較(jiao)薄的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)焊管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不(bu)(bu)合用(yong)。在(zai)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)焊管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)尺(chi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)中，布氏(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)用(yong)途廣，往往以(yi)(yi)壓(ya)痕(hen)(hen)(hen)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)d來表(biao)示(shi)該材料的(de)(de)(de)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，既(ji)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀，又(you)利便。舉例：120HBS10/表(biao)示(shi)用(yong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)10mm鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)在(zai)1000Kgf(9.807KN)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)力(li)(li)作用(yong)下(xia)(xia)，保持(chi)(chi)30s(秒)測得(de)的(de)(de)(de)布氏(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)為120N/mm2(MPa)。2、洛氏(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(HK)洛氏(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)同(tong)布氏(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)，都是(shi)壓(ya)痕(hen)(hen)(hen)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)方法。不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，它是(shi)丈(zhang)量(liang)壓(ya)痕(hen)(hen)(hen)的(de)(de)(de)深(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，即(ji)在(zai)初邕試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)力(li)(li)(Fo)及總試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)力(li)(li)(F)的(de)(de)(de)先后作用(yong)下(xia)(xia)，將(jiang)壓(ya)頭(金鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)廠圓錐體或鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu))壓(ya)入試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)，經劃定保持(chi)(chi)時(shi)間后，卸(xie)除主試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)力(li)(li)，用(yong)丈(zhang)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)殘余(yu)壓(ya)痕(hen)(hen)(hen)深(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)增量(liang)(e)計(ji)算硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)。其值(zhi)是(shi)個無(wu)名(ming)數(shu)，以(yi)(yi)符(fu)號HR表(biao)示(shi)，所(suo)(suo)用(yong)標(biao)(biao)尺(chi)有(you)A，B，C，D，E，F，G，H，K等9個標(biao)(biao)尺(chi)。其中常用(yong)于(yu)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)焊管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)尺(chi)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)為A，B，C，即(ji)HRA，HRB，HRC。硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)用(yong)下(xia)(xia)式計(ji)算：當(dang)用(yong)A和C標(biao)(biao)尺(chi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)，HR=100-e當(dang)用(yong)B標(biao)(biao)尺(chi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)，HR=130-e式中e--殘余(yu)壓(ya)痕(hen)(hen)(hen)深(shen)(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)增量(liang)，其什系以(yi)(yi)劃定單(dan)位(wei)0.002mm示(shi)，即(ji)當(dang)壓(ya)頭軸向(xiang)位(wei)移一(yi)(yi)個單(dan)位(wei)(0.002mm)時(shi)，即(ji)相稱于(yu)洛氏(shi)(shi)硬(ying)(ying)(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)變化一(yi)(yi)個數(shu)。