對啟閉(bi)機的(de)基(ji)本要(yao)求(qiu)有(you):

①運(yun)行 可靠;

②操作維護方便;

③結構簡單，體積小(xiao)，重 t輕(qing)，外形美觀(guan);

④造(zao)價及維護費用低。

啟(qi)(qi)(qi)閉(bi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)按(an)是否設里行(xing)走機(ji)(ji)(ji)構分(fen)(fen)為固定(ding)式(shi)(shi)和移動(dong)(dong)(dong) 式(shi)(shi)，按(an)馭動(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)為人力(li)(li)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)、電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)和內(nei)(nei)嫩機(ji)(ji)(ji)驅 動(dong)(dong)(dong);按(an)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)為機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)和液(ye)壓傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong);按(an)與閘(zha)門連(lian) 接構件(jian)分(fen)(fen)為柔(rou)性構件(jian)(如鋼絲繩、鏈(lian)條(tiao))連(lian)接和剛性構 件(jian)(如螺(luo)(luo)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)、齒條(tiao)、活塞桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan))連(lian)接兩類(lei)。螺(luo)(luo)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)、卷(juan)揚(yang) 式(shi)(shi)和液(ye)壓式(shi)(shi)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)閉(bi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)屬固定(ding)式(shi)(shi)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)閉(bi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。移動(dong)(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)閉(bi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是 一(yi)種沿軌道(dao)行(xing)駛，能(neng)(neng)逐個(ge)操作(zuo)(zuo)多個(ge)閘(zha)門及(ji)攔污(wu)柵并兼 作(zuo)(zuo)安裝和檢修(xiu)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)閉(bi)設備的機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie). 螺(luo)(luo)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)閉(bi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)利(li)用(yong)傳(chuan)力(li)(li)螺(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)，借承重(zhong)螺(luo)(luo)母的旋(xuan) 轉(zhuan)，使螺(luo)(luo)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)帶著門葉升降(jiang)，以(yi)達(da)(da)到(dao)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)閉(bi)閘(zha)門的目的。單 螺(luo)(luo)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)容t一(yi)般達(da)(da)320 kN，大型可(ke)達(da)(da)750 kN;行(xing)程(cheng)在5 m以(yi)內(nei)(nei)，個(ge)別可(ke)達(da)(da)7~sm。螺(luo)(luo)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)在下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)過(guo)程(cheng)中，能(neng)(neng)對(dui) 閘(zha)門施加一(yi)定(ding)的下(xia)(xia)壓力(li)(li)。此類(lei)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)閉(bi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)結構簡單，操作(zuo)(zuo)方(fang)(fang) 便，造價低廉(lian)，其動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)可(ke)為手動(dong)(dong)(dong)或電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，廣泛應用(yong)于小 型水利(li)水電(dian)(dian)工程(cheng)上。 卷(juan)揚(yang)式(shi)(shi)啟(qi)(qi)(qi)閉(bi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)系用(yong)鋼絲繩作(zuo)(zuo)為承重(zhong)構件(jian)，通過(guo) 滑(hua)輪組和傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置閘(zha)門;關閉(bi)閘(zha)門時則需依(yi)靠閘(zha) 門重(zhong)量(包括加重(zhong)及(ji)水柱重(zhong)等)。它具有構造簡單，制 造、維護方(fang)(fang)便，廣泛應用(yong)于各種水利(li)水電(dian)(dian)工程(cheng)上