沉(chen)管(guan)(guan)埋(mai)設(she)在水(shui)(shui)底(di)(di)下溝槽內(nei)時(shi)，溝槽內(nei)管(guan)(guan)頂鋪(pu)設(she)深(shen)(shen)度一般(ban)為管(guan)(guan)徑的3—4倍，以避免(mian)船只(zhi)拋錨(mao)，河(he)床(chuang)沖(chong)(chong)刷(shua)等影響。海下管(guan)(guan)道(dao)的埋(mai)地鋪(pu)設(she)，還應(ying)防止(zhi)風暴時(shi)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)可能浮漂或(huo)下沉(chen)，為此(ci)，管(guan)(guan)道(dao)應(ying)埋(mai)設(she)在海床(chuang)下足夠深(shen)(shen)度。此(ci)外，如(ru)果(guo)水(shui)(shui)道(dao)較深(shen)(shen)，水(shui)(shui)底(di)(di)之上鋪(pu)管(guan)(guan)不(bu)會(hui)影響航運，水(shui)(shui)底(di)(di)坦，沿管(guan)(guan)線(xian)沒有障礙物和懸空地，管(guan)(guan)道(dao)不(bu)會(hui)因船只(zhi)拋錨(mao)、流體動力、土(tu)壤液化、床(chuang)底(di)(di)土(tu)運動、河(he)床(chuang)沖(chong)(chong)刷(shua)或(huo)其他原因引起破(po)壞，則可將管(guan)(guan)道(dao)直(zhi)接鋪(pu)設(she)在穩定的河(he)床(chuang)或(huo)海床(chuang)上。

 初次下沉(chen)，靠(kao)攏下沉(chen)和著地(di)下沉(chen)，在沉(chen)放前(qian)，應對氣象，水文條件(jian)(jian)等進行監測(ce)(ce)，預(yu)測(ce)(ce)，確(que)保(bao)在條件(jian)(jian)下進行作業(ye)，便(bian)于(yu)挖(wa)(wa)泥(ni)船結(jie)合水位(wei)復核開挖(wa)(wa)深度，挖(wa)(wa)泥(ni)船水下開挖(wa)(wa)測(ce)(ce)量定(ding)位(wei)采用gps定(ding)位(wei)系統，因此船機設備上(shang)需配備相應測(ce)(ce)量設備和計算機軟件(jian)(jian)。

 

常見的(de)(de)開(kai)(kai)(kai)槽(cao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)沉(chen)(chen)管道(dao)(dao)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝流程(cheng)大致包括：測量(liang)放線——溝(gou)槽(cao)開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖——地(di)基處理及沉(chen)(chen)管道(dao)(dao)基礎——檢查(cha)井及雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口制作(zuo)——沉(chen)(chen)管道(dao)(dao)安(an)裝(zhuang)——沉(chen)(chen)管道(dao)(dao)連接(jie)——沉(chen)(chen)管道(dao)(dao)與井口連接(jie)——閉(bi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)試(shi)驗(yan)及滿水(shui)(shui)(shui)試(shi)驗(yan)——溝(gou)槽(cao)回填(tian)。對于埋(mai)深較淺(qian)，不足4m的(de)(de)區域，采用(yong)大開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)，主要施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)順(shun)(shun)序如下(xia)：測量(liang)定位——基槽(cao)開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖——馬道(dao)(dao)設置——沉(chen)(chen)管道(dao)(dao)安(an)裝(zhuang)——回填(tian)壓實(shi)對于埋(mai)深較深，超過4m的(de)(de)區域，采用(yong)鋼(gang)板樁支護開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖，主要施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)順(shun)(shun)序如下(xia)：測量(liang)定位——板樁施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)打——逐層開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖——圍檁安(an)裝(zhuang)——沉(chen)(chen)管道(dao)(dao)安(an)裝(zhuang)——回填(tian)壓實(shi)——板樁拔出——樁縫填(tian)砂。水(shui)(shui)(shui)下(xia)工(gong)程(cheng)隊下(xia)設多個施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)程(cheng)隊，潛水(shui)(shui)(shui)員38人，技(ji)(ji)術人員25人，潛水(shui)(shui)(shui)監督員7人，水(shui)(shui)(shui)下(xia)沉(chen)(chen)管道(dao)(dao)安(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)程(cheng)師5人，潛水(shui)(shui)(shui)醫學技(ji)(ji)士4人。開(kai)(kai)(kai)溝(gou)作(zuo)業(ye)為了準確地(di)。

水下沉管(guan)道(dao)和取水頭安裝守信單位系從事沉井下沉,深(shen)井降水以(yi)及(ji)水利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、土(tu)(tu)方開挖(wa)、吹沙、水電(dian)基礎(chu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)綜合性土(tu)(tu)方工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)企(qi)業，與上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)隧(sui)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)股份、上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)一(yi)(yi)建(jian)、上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)基礎(chu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)公(gong)(gong)司(si)、中鐵(tie)(tie)一(yi)(yi)局(ju)、中鐵(tie)(tie)大(da)橋局(ju)、江蘇省水利建(jian)設(she)(she)總公(gong)(gong)司(si)、上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)宏潤集(ji)團公(gong)(gong)司(si)、湖南建(jian)筑集(ji)團總公(gong)(gong)司(si)、天津電(dian)建(jian)一(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)。先后承(cheng)攬了江蘇通榆河三期(qi)土(tu)(tu)方開挖(wa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，江蘇沿江河土(tu)(tu)方工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)開挖(wa)、寧通公(gong)(gong)路路基土(tu)(tu)方工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)，上(shang)(shang)海(hai)(hai)(hai)奉(feng)賢排污沉管(guan)線溝槽開挖(wa)。