商周(zhou)時代銅(tong)(tong)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)(han)鋅(xin)(xin)量都很低，一(yi)樣平常(chang)在(zai)(zai)10-z數量級。西漢、新莽的(de)(de)(de)(de)錢中有(you)板個體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)鋅(xin)(xin)甘款(kuan)項，其巾有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)貨幣中鋅(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)(han)量到達7%，然則(ze)這其實不能闡明黃銅(tong)(tong)鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢發(fa)生于(yu)(yu)西漢新莽之際。由于(yu)(yu)這些(xie)銅(tong)(tong)鋅(xin)(xin)合(he)金是極個體(ti)征象，其含(han)(han)(han)鋅(xin)(xin)量又(you)廣泛較真正意義上的(de)(de)(de)(de)黃銅(tong)(tong)含(han)(han)(han)鋅(xin)(xin)量15%一(yi)40%要小(xiao)得多。以是咱們覺得這些(xie)含(han)(han)(han)鋅(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)錢是漢朝在(zai)(zai)“即山鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢”中利(li)用銅(tong)(tong)鋅(xin)(xin)共生礦(kuang)時發(fa)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

據對有關(guan)礦(kuang)山停止查詢(xun)拜訪后(hou)發明，山東(dong)的(de)(de)昌濰、煙臺、臨沂及湖北等地都(dou)有資本豐(feng)碩的(de)(de)銅鋅(xin)共生(sheng)礦(kuang)，這就使冶煉(lian)后(hou)的(de)(de)銅含有一小部分鋅(xin)。到了唐朝(chao)，由(you)于(yu)鑄錢資料的(de)(de)規范(fan)化，使所(suo)鑄行的(de)(de)貨幣中鋅(xin)的(de)(de)含量(liang)均為恒量(liang)。從(cong)約公(gong)元1230年(nian)起，黃銅成品在歐洲流(liu)行了約300年(nian)之(zhi)久，由(you)于(yu)它們(men)比大型的(de)(de)雕(diao)塑品廉(lian)價得多。

始于1231年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)威(wei)爾普大(da)(da)主教的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，是(shi)人們所知的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)制(zhi)(zhi)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。鍛(duan)造黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)成品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進程是(shi)如許的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：先(xian)把破碎摧毀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋅礦和(he)柴(chai)炭跟銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)塊混雜起來(lai)加熱(re)，使鋅和(he)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)聯(lian)合在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一起，再加熱(re)使合金熔融，而后將銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)液(ye)注意灌輸鑄模(mo)。英國(guo) 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)器是(shi)入口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，重(zhong)要是(shi)從圖(tu)爾內入口(kou)。委托人能(neng)夠從圖(tu)爾內訂購曾經裝在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)漂亮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)底板或大(da)(da)理石(shi)底座里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墓碑(bei)。制(zhi)(zhi)作銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)制(zhi)(zhi)墓碑(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法，是(shi)先(xian)鑄好銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，平日還要鑄好四周挑(tiao)棚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)掠影，再把它放在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)預(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)板里(li)，用刀(dao)子在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)下面刻出(chu)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)部。偶然銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手和(he)臉部要利用雪花石(shi)膏或其(qi)余鑲嵌(qian)資料。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)平安做好后，用裝在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鉛栓里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暗銷牢固在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)石(shi)頭底座上(shang)。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)自己放在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)一層瀝青上(shang)。很(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)就分段鍛(duan)造，而后接合起來(lai)