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土(tu)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)在(zai)(zai)重力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)和其(qi)他作(zuo)(zuo)用力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)作(zuo)(zuo)用下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)都有向下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)和向外移動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)走勢。如果(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)內巖土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)剪強度(du)(du)能(neng)夠抵抗(kang)住這種(zhong)走勢，則(ze)此(ci)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)是(shi)(shi)(shi)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，否則(ze).會(hui)失穩(wen)(wen)而發生滑(hua)(hua)(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)十石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)是(shi)(shi)(shi)多種(zhong)因(yin)素共(gong)同作(zuo)(zuo)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)失穩(wen)(wen)破壞現(xian)象。產生土(tu)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本因(yin)素，實質(zhi)上是(shi)(shi)(shi)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)增加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)與(yu)抗(kang)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)足。滑(hua)(hua)(hua)動(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)與(yu)抗(kang)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)取決干庫水(shui)和雨(yu)水(shui)入滲(shen)、施工(gong)方法、施工(gong)速(su)度(du)(du)、地霉等(deng)外部條件所(suo)引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)體或公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)內孔隙水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)及筑公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)十料的(de)(de)(de)(de)件質(zhi)，包括與(yu)孔障(zhang)水(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)有關的(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)剪強度(du)(du)。為此(ci)，首先必(bi)須進行滑(hua)(hua)(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)勘探、土(tu)工(gong)試(shi)驗及觀(guan)測(ce)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，從(cong)而確定(ding)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性質(zhi)及其(qi)主要(yao)原(yuan)因(yin)，并定(ding)出滑(hua)(hua)(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)設計(ji)，以便進行滑(hua)(hua)(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)與(yu)質(zhi)量檢(jian)查十公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)體是(shi)(shi)(shi)由人工(gong)填(tian)筑公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)料而成(cheng)，而公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)岸坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)是(shi)(shi)(shi)隱(yin)(yin)蔽(bi)工(gong)程。根據(ju)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)標準，應(ying)按SDJZ13-83《碾壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)式十公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)施工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)規范》做(zuo)好滑(hua)(hua)(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)。滑(hua)(hua)(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)方法主要(yao)有:清理公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)及岸坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)，和處理好對大公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)會(hui)造成(cheng)隱(yin)(yin)患的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)根、泉眼、洞穴、風(feng)化巖石(shi)(shi)、滑(hua)(hua)(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)體等(deng):拋石(shi)(shi)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)腳陽滑(hua)(hua)(hua)，穩(wen)(wen)住滑(hua)(hua)(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)體:在(zai)(zai)穩(wen)(wen)住滑(hua)(hua)(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎上及時處理滑(hua)(hua)(hua)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)裂(lie)縫；培(pei)厚，放緩公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)；下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)游公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)堆石(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)載，做(zuo)貼坡(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)(po)式反濾層等(deng)等(deng)。目前，濱州水(shui)庫灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法可(ke)分為充填(tian)式和劈式兩種(zhong)，前者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)指自重灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(孔口壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)為零(ling))，后者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)指利用灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)劈開(kai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)體，形(xing)成(cheng)一道(dao)近于(yu)垂直并連續(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)體帷幕.其(qi)實，兩種(zhong)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)方法都是(shi)(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，只是(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)大小不(bu)同而已。這兩種(zhong)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)技(ji)術(shu)，在(zai)(zai)我(wo)國水(shui)利工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)努力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)都取得(de)了(le)富有成(cheng)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)果(guo)，為我(wo)國的(de)(de)(de)(de)病險土(tu)石(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)注(zhu)(zhu)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)處理作(zuo)(zuo)出了(le)貢(gong)獻(xian)。

采用(yong)(yong)生石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)噴(pen)(pen)粉深(shen)層(ceng)(ceng)攪拌樁(簡稱石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)攪拌樁)進(jin)行(xing)軟(ruan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)陜西(xi)(xi)公路下沉(chen)注漿地基(ji)處理(li)，具有(you)技術簡單(dan)可(ke)行(xing)，且經(jing)濟(ji)合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點，能(neng)有(you)效地加固軟(ruan)弱陜西(xi)(xi)地基(ji)，減(jian)少(shao)軟(ruan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)沉(chen)降和整(zheng)體(ti)工程工后沉(chen)降，提高軟(ruan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)載(zai)力(li)，1生石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)對(dui)軟(ruan)粘(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)陜西(xi)(xi)地基(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本作用(yong)(yong)根據設計確定石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)攪拌樁鉆(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。 啟動攪拌機(ji)(ji)，鉆(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)時(shi)(shi)噴(pen)(pen)射壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣，準備(bei)加固的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)在(zai)原(yuan)位(wei)受(shou)到擾動，隨著鉆(zhan)(zhan)進(jin)到設計標高，鉆(zhan)(zhan)機(ji)(ji)鉆(zhan)(zhan)頭反向旋(xuan)轉，邊，邊由壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣輸送生石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)，向著由鉆(zhan)(zhan)頭攪拌葉片旋(xuan)轉產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)隙部位(wei)噴(pen)(pen)入(ru)(ru)被攪拌的(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)體(ti)中，使(shi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)體(ti)和石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)進(jin)行(xing)充分拌和。 形成(cheng)具有(you)整(zheng)體(ti)性好(hao)，水穩定性好(hao)和一(yi)定強度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)土(tu)(tu)(tu)樁，通過機(ji)(ji)構攪拌，將軟(ruan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)重塑(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)摻(chan)入(ru)(ru)適(shi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)，石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)與(yu)軟(ruan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)礦(kuang)物發生化學反應，形成(cheng)一(yi)種復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)不溶于水的(de)(de)(de)(de)，將土(tu)(tu)(tu)顆粒(li)粘(zhan)結在(zai)一(yi)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)酸鈣凝膠，硅(gui)酸鈣凝膠起到包裹和聯(lian)結的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。

陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)公(gong)路下沉注漿(jiang)石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)樁(zhuang)與周圍陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)基相(xiang)比具有更(geng)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)剪強度(du)(du)(du)，與生石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)樁(zhuang)鄰接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樁(zhuang)周土，由于(yu)拌(ban)(ban)合(he)時產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)溫和(he)凝聚(ju)(ju)反應(ying)形成厚度(du)(du)(du)達數(shu)厘(li)米的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度(du)(du)(du)硬(ying)殼，此(ci)層硬(ying)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)存在影響(xiang)了(le)(le)石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸水(shui)和(he)排水(shui)，尤其是(shi)后期排水(shui)，但在施(shi)工期內此(ci)層硬(ying)殼尚未形成。 排水(shui)作用是(shi)可(ke)以(yi)發揮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，從對一些工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)然土和(he)單樁(zhuang)復(fu)合(he)陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)基荷(he)載試驗(yan)中，發現(xian)石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)樁(zhuang)復(fu)合(he)陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)基的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)荷(he)后穩(wen)定較天(tian)然土基為短，也就證實(shi)了(le)(le)石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排水(shui)固結(jie)作用，石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)樁(zhuang)與樁(zhuang)間土的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)復(fu)合(he)陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)基抗(kang)剪強度(du)(du)(du)可(ke)用下式計(ji)算:τˊ＝(1-dˊs)Cˊ＋dˊsτp(1)式中:τˊ-復(fu)合(he)陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)基抗(kang)剪強度(du)(du)(du)。 KPaτˊP-石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)樁(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)剪強度(du)(du)(du)，KPadˊs-消化和(he)凝硬(ying)反應(ying)結(jie)束后石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)樁(zhuang)加(jia)(jia)固率(面積比)dˊs＝(1.5-1.8)ds(2)ds-石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)樁(zhuang)置換率(面積比)ds＝πd2/4l2(3)d-石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)樁(zhuang)直徑。 d＝50cml-石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)樁(zhuang)間中心距(ju)，cmCˊ-石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)樁(zhuang)加(jia)(jia)固后陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)基土的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粘聚(ju)(ju)力(li)，KPaCˊ＝Co＋dΔP，(4)式中:Co-原陜(shan)(shan)西(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)基土的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粘聚(ju)(ju)力(li)，KPad-經(jing)石(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)樁(zhuang)處(chu)理后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強度(du)(du)(du)增加(jia)(jia)系數(shu)，d＝0.1-0.4ΔP-有效壓縮(suo)荷(he)載。